Pharmacology
General Pharmacology :
Basic knowledge about pharmacology are discuss here,
Pharmacology definition : the branch of medical science deals with the study of interaction of medicine with living organism.
Rudolph established the primary institute of pharmacology in 1847
Drug:
Drug (word) comes from a French word "Drogue" meaning a dry herb.
Drug definition in consistent with world health organisations : A Drug is any substance or material that's used or intended to be wont to modify or explore physiological processes or pathological states, for the advantage of the recipient.”
Branches of Pharmacology:
- Pharmacokinetics
- Pharmacodynamics
- Therapeutics
- Pharmacy
- Clinical Pharmacology
- Pharmacy
- Pharmacognesy
- Pharmacogenetics
- Toxicology
- Pharmacoeconomics
- Pharmacoepidemiology
- Posology
- Immunopharmacology
- Behavioural pharmacology
- Chemotherapy
1. Pharmacokinetics: The branch of pharmacology which deals with the absorption, distribution, assimilation and elimination of drugs and their relationship with the onset, duration and Predominance of the drug action.”
What the body does to the drug is pharmacokinetics( absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion)
Pharmacokinetics =body act on the drug
2. Pharmacodynamics:
Pharmacodynamics is that the branch of Pharmacology which deals with the chemical and physiological effect of drug and their mechanism of action.
What the drug does to the body is pharmacodynamics
Pharmacodynamics : Drug action on the pharmacology
3. Pharmacy : the Branch of pharmacology that deals with the preparation, compounding and dispensing of the drug is named pharmacy.
4. Therapeutics : the branch of pharmacology that deals with the utilization of medicine in physical body to regulate, Protect, detect and cure the disease.
5.Toxicology : the branch of pharmacology that deals with the study of poisonous effect of medicine on living organism and management of toxicity.
5. Chemotherapy : the branch of pharmacology that deals with the effect of drug on microorganisms, parasites and neoplastic cell.
Source of Drug information :
Pharmacopeia :
- United state pharmacopea ,
- British pharmacopeia,
- British pharmaceutical codex,
- Indian pharmacopeia,
- Pharmacopeia Internationale by WHO.
Formulary :
- British National formulary
- Bangladesh National Drug Formulary
Books of Pharmacology :
- Basic and clinical pharmacology
- Pharmacological basis of therapeutics
- Clinical Pharmacology
Journas:
- Lancet
- NEJM
- MBMJ
What are the use or benefits of drugs?
- Diagnosis of disease : Drug specimen
- Prevention of disease : vaccine
- Control of disease : thyroxine, insulin
- Cure of disease : antibiotics
- Changing normal function: pill pills
Sources of Drugs :
1. Natural Source of drugs:
- Plant source : alkaloid, glycoside,Animal Source : insulin(bovine pancreas) hepaglycoside,) Mineral: Iron, copperFungus : penicillin
2.Synthetic source: paracetamol
3.Semi-synthetic source : ampicilin
4.Biotechnology and recombinant DNA technology : Human insulin
Excipient: Additional substance of drug which has no therapeutic effect -eg:disintegrants, glidants,lubricants etc
Placebo : The thought which your brain can convince your body a false treatment is the real thing — it's called placebo effect — . Now science has found that a placebo can be even as effective as traditional treatments.
Biological drugs: The Drugs are collected from living sources. Eg: human insulin, vaccine, omalizumb
Biological drug are Very costly
OTC Drugs : The drugs are often used without prescription or any supervision of the physian.
Example : Paracetamol, loratadine, omeprazole
Dose: it's the quantity of drug to be used at just one occasion is named dose.
Types of dose:
Therapeutic effect : The quantity of drug produce optimum effect.
Maximum dose:maximum amount of Drug that can't Produce any toxicim effect.
Toxic dose : The quantity of drug beyond therapeutic dose and produce unwanted clinical feature is named toxic dose.
Lethal dose: The quantity of drug causes of death.
Some terminology :
Tablet: Its a solid dosage form during which powder, crystalline sort of drug that compressed during a disk or molded.
capsule : the solid dosage sort of drug contain one or More active ingredients with/without inactive substance are enclosed with small shell of gelatin.
Routes of Drug Administration : the pathway of medicine by which drugs administrate into the body.
Oral route: Paracetamol, penicillin
Intravenous route :opioids
Intramuscular route : ketorolac, diclofenac
Sublingual route : Nitroglycerin, Nifedipine
Per-rectal route :Diclofenac, Tramadol, paracetamol
Subcutaneous route : insulin
Inhalational route : salbutamol, salmetrol
Labels: Noman Islam Nirob, Pharmacology
posted by Noman Islam Nirob @ December 01, 2020
0 Comments
